Header file: stdlib

The stdlib.h header defines four variable types, several macros, and various functions for performing general functions.

Library Variables

Following are the variable types defined in the header stdlib.h:

S.N.Variable & Description1

size_t

This is the unsigned integral type and is the result of the sizeof keyword.

2

wchar_t

This is an integer type of the size of awide character constant.

3

div_t

This is the structure returned by the divfunction.

4

ldiv_t

This is the structure returned by the ldivfunction.

Library Macros

Following are the macros defined in the header stdlib.h:

S.N.Macro & Description1

NULL

This macro is the value of a null pointer constant.

2

EXIT_FAILURE

This is the value for the exit function to return in case of failure.

3

EXIT_SUCCESS

This is the value for the exit function to return in case of success.

4

RAND_MAX

This macro is the maximum value returned by the rand function.

5

MB_CUR_MAX

This macro is the maximum number of bytes in a multi-byte character set which cannot be larger than MB_LEN_MAX.

Library Functions

Following are the functions defined in the header stdio.h:

S.N.Function & Description1

double atof(const char *str)

Converts the string pointed to, by the argument str to a floating-point number (type double).

2

int atoi(const char *str)

Converts the string pointed to, by the argument str to an integer (type int).

3

long int atol(const char *str)

Converts the string pointed to, by the argument str to a long integer (type long int).

4

double strtod(const char *str, char **endptr)

Converts the string pointed to, by the argument str to a floating-point number (type double).

5

long int strtol(const char *str, char **endptr, int base)

Converts the string pointed to, by the argument str to a long integer (type long int).

6

unsigned long int strtoul(const char *str, char **endptr, int base)

Converts the string pointed to, by the argument str to an unsigned long integer (type unsigned long int).

7

void *calloc(size_t nitems, size_t size)

Allocates the requested memory and returns a pointer to it.

8

void free(void *ptr

Deallocates the memory previously allocated by a call to calloc, malloc, orrealloc.

9

void *malloc(size_t size)

Allocates the requested memory and returns a pointer to it.

10

void *realloc(void *ptr, size_t size)

Attempts to resize the memory block pointed to by ptr that was previously allocated with a call to malloc or calloc.

11

void abort(void)

Causes an abnormal program termination.

12

int atexit(void (*func)(void))

Causes the specified function func to be called when the program terminates normally.

13

void exit(int status)

Causes the program to terminate normally.

14

char *getenv(const char *name)

Searches for the environment string pointed to by name and returns the associated value to the string.

15

int system(const char *string)

The command specified by string is passed to the host environment to be executed by the command processor.

16

void *bsearch(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nitems, size_t size, int (*compar)(const void *, const void *))

Performs a binary search.

17

void qsort(void *base, size_t nitems, size_t size, int (*compar)(const void *, const void*))

Sorts an array.

18

int abs(int x)

Returns the absolute value of x.

19

div_t div(int numer, int denom)

Divides numer (numerator) by denom (denominator).

20

long int labs(long int x)

Returns the absolute value of x.

21

ldiv_t ldiv(long int numer, long int denom)

Divides numer (numerator) by denom (denominator).

22

int rand(void)

Returns a pseudo-random number in the range of 0 to RAND_MAX.

23

void srand(unsigned int seed)

This function seeds the random number generator used by the function rand.

24

int mblen(const char *str, size_t n)

Returns the length of a multibyte character pointed to by the argument str.

25

size_t mbstowcs(schar_t *pwcs, const char *str, size_t n)

Converts the string of multibyte characters pointed to by the argument strto the array pointed to by pwcs.

26

int mbtowc(whcar_t *pwc, const char *str, size_t n)

Examines the multibyte character pointed to by the argument str.

27

size_t wcstombs(char *str, const wchar_t *pwcs, size_t n)

Converts the codes stored in the arraypwcs to multibyte characters and stores them in the string str.

28

int wctomb(char *str, wchar_t wchar)

Examines the code which corresponds to a multibyte character given by the argument wchar.